Sorry, but I couldn’t tell you what chromosome it’s on.
References :
my specialist

A previous answer mentioned LADA, which is a minor variant of type 1, but it is not simply "type 1 appearing in an adult". Type 1 is caused by a spectrum of antibodies ("GAD antibodies") attacking and killing the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas and it develops very quickly - I personally went from no evidence of diabetes to hospitalized with near-fatal ketoacidosis in the space of about 6 months. LADA, on the other hand, involves only a single antibody (GAD-65) attacking the pancreas and, therefore, tends to develop more slowly over the course of a year or more.

Type 1 diabetes is not strictly hereditary - as already mentioned, the chances of passing it on to your children are very low and some of us have developed it with no known family history of type 1 - but there is probably a genetic component making you susceptible, which then needs to be triggered by some environmental influence. We’re not sure yet what this environmental factor is, but it’s widely believed to be a virus.

Although I haven’t looked into the details, there have been many reports over the last week or two about a recent study suggesting that type 1 diabetes may be related to vitamin D deficiency early in life.

The major difference is that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, in which your immune system destroys your body’s ability to produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which your body fails to respond properly to insulin. Because insulin is an absolute requirement for (mammalian) life, people with type 1 diabetes must receive externally-supplied insulin (via injections or an insulin pump) or they will die in fairly short order. People with type 2, on the other hand, may require externally-supplied insulin to manage their blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications, but will generally not be in immediate danger if it is unavailable. The primary treatments for type 2 diabetes are based in the use of exercise and medication to improve their body’s ability to respond to insulin and controlling diet to minimize the amount of insulin required in the first place.
References :
Type 1 diabetes, developed at age 36

The most common form of diabetes is Type 2 diabetes. It starts when the body does not correctly respond to insulin, which is a hormone that is released by the pancreas. This is a lifelong disease that is caused by high levels of sugar being present in the blood.
References :
http://diabetesmellitustreatment.com/

The cause of Diabetes is not yet known, but studies have shown certain genes to be associated with an increased risk for Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a loss of 90% or more of the insulin (a hormone necessary for the uptake of glucose from blood) producing cells of the pancreas so that very little, if any, insulin is present in the body. In Type 2 Diabetes, on the other hand, insulin is present often in normal or even greater than normal levels. The issue for those with Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. This resistance means that the insulin present is not very effective, thus more of it is needed, and the body is unable to meet that increased demand for the hormone (insulin).
References :
I’m a Diabetic
Medical School

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec13/ch165/ch165a.html
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/
http://www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?page_id=103442#hereditary

treatment:
-type 1s need insulin, although it can be injected or with a pump
-type 2s vary. Ranges from diet and exercise alone (fairly rare) to various meds to insulin.

lifestyle changes:
-for both, diet is really important.
-type 1s have to pay really close attention to diet since how much insulin is given depends upon food intake. On the other hand, type 1s can adjust insulin depending upon food so it’s easier to "cheat" by just giving extra insulin. Requires a lot of planning–testing blood sugar frequently, snacking depending upon when insulin was given, blood sugars, etc. Exercise is important, but has to be planned for to avoid/minimize low blood sugars.
-type 2s: since most are overweight, diet and exercise are very important. Weight loss should be a goal and can even help to slow down the disease process.

Check on the American Diabetes Association website for more information.
References :

Treatment: Type 1 - insulin + lifestyle changes + dietary strategy changes
Type 2 : first line of treatment lifestyle changes and dietary strategy changes
if the first line fails, need to go for oral blood sugar lowering drugs (Metformin, Glibenclamidum, etc.)
if the above steps fails, then it is a must to start insulin therapy.

Lifestyle changes: avoid sugar foods (those high in simple sugar which raise quickly blood sugar)
use more complex sugar foods (life fibers found in whole grain foods)
Keep exercised (at least 30 minutes per day) to control blood sugar and weight
Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, because they raise blood sugar apart causing many other diseases and fatalities.
Try to cope with stress: this helps ameliorate your blood glucose metabolism
use more fruits and vegetables (high in fiber, less in sugar and tasty too)
drink plenty of water to help your body metabolism

More details find at http://www.all-about-beating-diabetes.com/causes-of-diabetes-info.html
References :
The aim of http://www.all-about-beating-diabetes.com is to bring latest news on beating diabetes naturally.

Drink a gallon of spring water or filtered water spaced out PER day

Eat RAW leafy greens with every one of your 6 meals per day ( If you only eat two for the rest of your life make it spinach and broccoli)

I know its harder in 2010 than it will be in 2015 to eat completely organic, but you should really make a true effort to buy all organic, the only downside is that FOR NOW the prices are a tad higher than the name brand, but organics are on a steady rise to mainstream, It’s actually probably a good time to invest but I don’t even know any of the companies names. Organic foods are so good is what people don’t realize, organic cow meat hamburgers are literally 10 times better on the grill than regular store bulk meat. I really don’t know the whole deal on organic food yet but I switched to a fair 70% organic diet now myself and im really satisfied. It’s alot easier on your organs too because all those drugs in the animals have to get filtered out and with organic its just not a process your body has to deal with. Organic companies have crazy snacks too that are way better tasting than name brand stuff, it’s just that no one has realized it, well yet.

Elevate your heart rate to a constant state, and keep it there for 30 minutes straight everyday for the rest of your life, this isn’t some exercise program for 2 weeks, do this or you will be effectively cutting a good percentage off the end of your life, simple as that, think of it as 30 minutes invested so you know you are getting your full percentage.

Cut your stress at any cost, even if you have to quit your job tomorrow nothing is worth your life.

But what is stress? STRESS isn’t what everyone says it is, because they tell you a list of what causes them stress but don’t actually effectively pin point what it is. IF they did pin point what stress actually is and where it really comes from they would be able to know how to stop it permanently or at least give a solid direction on how to stop it.

The first real definition of stress

A human being not doing what he or she is meant for.

THAT is the one and only definition and root cause of stress, THAT is it.

If you do what your meant for, you will not have daily day to day everyday average angry Joe stress, its not POSSIBLE if you’re doing what your meant for. Obviously if you get in an accident or get a divorce you will be stressed, but that’s normal…. this shouldn’t be normal….

If you’re an Artist, but you sell cars… STRESS

If you’re a true Teacher, but you babysit….. STRESS

If you’re a runner, but you eat Mcdonalds…… STRESS

If you’re a soccer player, but you play football…. STRESS

If you’re a millionaire, but you’re broke….. STRESS

If you’re a great Dad, but you’re in jail…. STRESS

If you’re healthy, but you’re at the Doctor…. STRESS

If you want to be in shape, and you’re gaining weight…. STRESS

And what do we get from this?

A world of people, some doing the right thing & some doing the wrong thing.

A world of happy people trying to help the sad, a world of sad trying to help themselves and ultimately giving up because they aren’t doing what their meant for.

If people simply did what they were good at, everyone would instantly be an expert and simply be known by their genetic gifts. Thats why people who do great things by simply doing the things they love are so treasured, because people think its impossible to have a great life and succeed without winning the lottery or being born into something. Some people say people are meant to do evil, WHY WOULD YOU SAY THAT? I know why you said that, because only people who are not doing what they were meant for say things to discourage others from following their dreams. If you are really following your dreams, you wouldn’t even imagine hurting someone, its not there because we were all kids once.

That’s what we all forget, our childhood. REMEMBER your childhood because its your gateway to finding yourself. What were you drawn to as a child, what were you good at? Can’t remember? Ask and ask and ask until you find out because that’s who you are, your a old child.

This is why we have to treat our children with more respect, they are not merely children, they are a nation of people that will give what they get, they are BILLIONS of people that are growing as we speak and learning from every thing we do and repeat it and grow and so on.

We need to do what we love so children will too, its such an easy concept yet people continue to do what they think they HAVE to do, life isn’t a struggle being born is a struggle, life is a celebration for 100 years if your lucky
References :
http://twitter.com/DealinginArt

Type 1 can occur in adulthood, but it is called type 1.5 or LADA (Latent Autoimmune Disease in Adults).

Type 2 is generally referred to as insulin resistance. This is purportedly caused by being over 40, fat, eating bad foods, and a sedentary lifestyle.

However, Type 2 can be caused by many medications, and even at a younger age than 40.

The biggest differences are that with a type 1 (or 1.5) you MUST have to inject insulin to survive because your pancreas doesn’t make enough (or any).

Type 2 can be controlled with diet and exercise and some oral medications (initially), but usually progresses on to needing insulin shots to survive, if you live that long or don’t manage blood sugars properly.
References :

Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, what used to be called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is typically seen (to be diagnosed) in people who are over 40 years of age. This is where the body stops responding correctly to the pancreas producing insulin. Course of treatment for this include oral medication, diet, exercise, and sometimes insulin injections.

Diabetes Symptoms
There are two ranges of common symptoms for diabetics, depending on the type
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